Common cold myths: true, myth or partly?
Common cold myths have been around for decades, and the research answers them more carefully than most people expect. Read each statement, choose an answer and see what the studies found.
People get sick more in winter simply because it is cold.
Partly
In a comparison of 78 sites around the world, flu peaked in winter where the air got cold and dry. Where it did not, the peak tended to fall in the rainiest months instead.
Read more: Why we get sick more in winter: cold, dry air, and indoor time
Dry air helps the flu virus.
Partly
In guinea pig experiments, cold and dry conditions favoured transmission through the air, and a model on US data reproduced the flu season from absolute humidity alone. But that is animals and a model, not people.
Read more: Why we get sick more in winter: cold, dry air, and indoor time
If you get chilled, you catch a cold.
Partly
Cold does not create a virus. Still, in a foot-chilling experiment 13 of 90 people reported a cold against 5 of 90 in the control group, by self-report and with no virus test. In Finnish conscripts, each 1 °C drop in temperature went with about 8% higher risk of rhinovirus.
Read more: Does getting cold give you a cold? What a chill can and can't do
Not sleeping enough raises your chance of catching a cold.
True
In virus-challenge experiments, the odds of a cold were 4.5 times higher for people who slept under 5 hours than for those who slept more than 7. The range is wide: the confidence interval runs from 1.08 to 18.69.
Read more: Sleep and catching a cold: what the virus-challenge studies show
Stress has no effect on catching a cold.
Myth
In an experiment with 394 volunteers, the share who developed a clinical cold rose with stress, from about 27% to about 47%.
Read more: Fatigue and getting sick: cause, or the first symptom?
If you take vitamin C, you won't catch colds.
Myth
In ordinary groups the risk barely changed: 0.97. The chance of catching one dropped clearly only in marathon runners, skiers and soldiers on subarctic exercises (0.48). Regular supplementation shortened colds by 8% in adults.
Read more: Immunity: what research links to it, and what is marketing
Echinacea is proven to protect against colds.
Myth
None of the 12 prevention comparisons in the Cochrane review found a statistically significant difference. The products vary too much to pool reliably.
Read more: Immunity: what research links to it, and what is marketing
The more kinds of social ties a person has, the less often they catch colds.
True
One virus-challenge experiment found this: the adjusted relative risk was 4.2 when 1 to 3 types of ties were compared with 6 or more.
Read more: Immunity: what research links to it, and what is marketing
A sudden cold snap is harder on the heart than a sudden warm-up.
Myth
In 106 US communities, a temperature rise from the previous day was associated with higher all-cause mortality, and a drop with lower. One Chinese city saw the same for cardiovascular deaths. These are population data, not a rule for every person.
Read more: Sudden temperature changes: what they may do to your nose, heart and head
An "allergy to temperature changes" is an ordinary allergy.
Myth
More often it is nonallergic (vasomotor) rhinitis: nasal symptoms without IgE sensitization, with a nose that reacts strongly to temperature and humidity. A doctor can tell the two apart.
Read more: Sudden temperature changes: what they may do to your nose, heart and head
Fewer people die in winter in countries with mild winters.
Myth
Across 14 EU countries, excess winter mortality was highest in Portugal (28%), followed by Spain and Ireland (21% each). The study's author linked it above all to how well homes keep heat in.
Read more: Excess winter deaths are higher in milder-winter countries: what the data show
You got 0 of 11 right.
Many answers here are "partly", because studies answer a narrower question than the one people ask.
Informational material, not medical advice. This is a knowledge check, not a health assessment. For questions about how you feel, talk to a doctor.